Jasmine Tran (Danlambao) - From the commencement of its operations in Hà Tĩnh, Vietnam, the Formosa Steel Plant has continually released toxic waste into the surrounding sea water. It has caused one of the worst ever environmental catastrophes in the country.
In April 2016, hundreds of
tons of marine creatures had washed ashore in four central provinces.
Underwater coral systems, marine plants and sea birds living on nearby regional
islands were also destroyed.
The destruction of all this
marine life has had harmful consequences on both locals and those across the
nation. People no longer dare to eat seafood products from Central Vietnam.
Jobs within sea-related industries, such as fishing, salt farming, seafood
trading, restaurants, and the local tourism industry have all been heavily
impacted. This does not even taken the fatal diseases, caused by toxins
released into the environment, into account.[i]
Despite Formosa’s admission of its “mistake” in causing an environmental
disaster, and its agreement to compensate the state $500 million for damages,
it continues to operate while local fishermen have been encouraged and urged
into finding alternative livelihoods. The government has even attempted to
export these fishermen as overseas labourers. Neither the State nor Formosa
have outlined any plan to decontaminate the sea so that local fishermen and
their families could return to their former lives.
Furthermore, following the
discovery of toxic substances released into the sea, solid toxic waste from
Formosa was found buried secretly in many sites underground in the district.
These were found near water sources and reservoirs for human consumption and
agriculture. [ii]
The Vietnamese people angrily
oppose the Government’s deal with Formosa. They demand Formosa fully compensate
damages sustained to their economy, and their health and wellbeing. They
request that Formosa return an unpolluted sea to them, cease their operations
and depart Vietnam. Additionally, the State must cease all acts of intimidation
against their citizens; such acts seek to protect high-ranking officers with
ties to Formosa and have allowed for the continued operation of Formosa.
The Vietnamese people are
very touched by the concern of Taiwanese journalists and Ms. Su Chih-fen,
member of the Democratic Progressive Party, for the victims of this
environmental disaster. We sincerely thank you for your support and help. [iii]
This article aims to
systematically gather the most relevant, representative opinions of the
Vietnamese people on the Formosa issue. They will be collected through blogs,
articles and interviews. The authors of these articles, the interviewers and
the respondents have all demonstrated immense courage, as they risk
imprisonment and persecution from the State of Vietnam.
1/Formosa’s
deadly impact on the Central Vietnamese environment
To allow for Formosa’s 70
year rent of Vũng Áng, the Vietnamese Government forcibly dislocated Hà
Tĩnh villagers into remote inland areas, compensating them with very little
money. Schools and rural markets were all closed so that children from families
who refused to relocate had no access to education, and adults could not make a
living for their families. Houses by the beach were demolished, and fishermen
were forced to leave the beach area.[iv]
Following
this, an environmental disaster was caused by Formosa’s release of toxic waste
into the sea. The marine creatures and vegetation in Hà Tĩnh and adjacent provinces were all destroyed.
Archbishop Joseph Ngô Quang
Kiêt spoke about the lives of the local people in Đông Yên Hà Tĩnh on 22 June
2016:
“As I saw first-hand how
they lived, and visited the coastal areas, I was truly pained. The atmosphere
was utterly devastated and lifeless. I went
to a motel in Hà Tĩnh, it was empty with nobody around. When I
arrived at the beach, I saw many boats lying there. Some of them were covered
with tarps, and they looked like still bodies. It was a landscape of
death.
At the beach, there usually are tiny creatures like sand bubbler crabs,
crabs, or clams. However, this beach was completely dead; not a single sign of
life could be seen there. When we walked on the beach, all of us were
extremely careful not to let the water wet our feet. Fishermen pulled their
boats further onto the sand, so they could climb ashore without touching the
sea water. The sense of death was everywhere.
Villagers’ lives have become very
difficult; in the past three months, local fishermen have not been able to fish
in the sea. Their families have barely any earnings to live on. So we were
witnessing the end, the death of these villages.
The fishermen can’t live, as
all the fish have died. All those labourers in industries linked to the
fisheries – the fuel-suppliers for the fishing boats, the manufacturers of
fishing nets, the seafood traders, the seafood processing workers, the tourism
workers – they will all die out together.
It is estimated that at least five million
people have been affected by this marine death disaster. It is a complete
tragedy. The surrounding area is lifeless and abandoned. Everyone is exhausted,
devastated and dejected.”[v]
With the sea contaminated and
the fish poisoned from toxic waste, how can the people of Hà Tĩnh live?
Phạm Thanh Nghiên:
“Formosa has turned
dignified people who made an honest living for themselves into beggars, who now
must line up for a dozen kilos of rice - mouldy rice that even dogs and
chickens will avoid.”[vi]
2/ The united opinion of the Vietnamese people: Destruction
of the environment is a crime - we reject the sacrifice of our environment and
our future at all costs
Venerable
Thích Viên Định - Unified Buddhist Church of Vietnam:
“Sangha/Followers of the
Unified Buddhist Church of Vietnam strongly hope for the national economy to
grow. However, it must also be a healthy development. We cannot accept any
sacrifice of our environment and the future of the nation in exchange for
economic development. Fundamentally, all developments are meant to assist
people’s lives. If they destroy human lives and their well-being, such
‘developments’ are pointless.”[vii]
The Statement on the
Poisoning of Central Vietnam’s Marine Life:
“This is a crime against the environment, causing environmental
destruction and ecological genocide. Firstly, fish and sea animals have died en
masse, and there are human casualties too. Secondly, this will lead to a
variety of diseases for humans and animals, as we have seen happen in many
other instances worldwide. The full extent of the damage is yet to be seen.”[viii]
Protesters’ voice on banners:
From the beginning of May 2016, the Vietnamese people have taken to the
streets and raised their voices: “Harming the environment is a crime”, “Destroying
the environment is destroying life”, “Fish need clean water, people need
clean government”, “We demand the state to start criminal prosecution of Formosa”, “The
government + Formosa are killing the people of Vietnam”, “The
authorities are allowing Formosa to kill Vietnamese people”, “Formosa,
get out of Vietnam!”.
In particular, on August 15, 2016, up to 30,000 people attended a rally in
the archdiocese of Vinh.[ix]
Bishop of Vinh Archdiocese
Nguyễn Thái Hợp’s Collective letter on the maritime catastrophe of Central
Vietnam:
“The
damages caused by this environmental disaster has far exceeded the profits that an
industrial zone could have ever brought. Worst of
all are the effects of heavy metals on human health. We are facing a severe
disaster. The consequences of this disaster will not only affect each of us
today, but will impact on generations to come.”[x]
The Civil Society
Organizations Statement on the national catastrophe in Central Vietnam:
“We, the Vietnamese people have resolutely decided not to preference
economic growth over the destruction of our national environment, over the
benefit of the people, and over our state sovereignty. We, the Vietnamese
people do not accept rulers who are ignorant and greedy, who are willing to
sell our nation in exchange for their personal ambition, their interests, and
their party’s profit. We, the Vietnamese people refuse to die such a horrible
death as the fish currently poisoned in the East Sea!”[xi]
A call for action
from the Vietnamese Blogger's Network:
“Environmental disaster
caused by the Formosa Hà Tĩnh Steel Corporation (FHS) has created serious
consequences such as long-term harmful effects on the environment, the health
and the life of people as well as the national economy. Fishermen in four
provinces of Hà Tĩnh, Quảng Bình, Quảng Trị, and Thừa Thiên - Huế are most
directly affected. More importantly, living conditions, cultural traditions and
fishing developments that took centuries to evolve are now at risk of being
demolished due to a corporation’s irresponsible actions.
With the death of millions of
fish, the contamination of the sea will chase away Vietnamese fishermen,
subsequently creating more favourable opportunities for Beijing to invade
Vietnam by putting Chinese fishermen in Vietnam’s deserted waters.
Therefore, the mass killing of fish in four
central provinces is not only the most serious environmental catastrophe in the
history of Vietnam but also an enormous crisis in social, political areas and
will affect survivability, and the independence of Vietnam profoundly.”[xii]
Mr Mai Quang Anh, Hà
Tĩnh fisherman:
“It is apparent that the
government had deliberately allowed Formosa to build in the country. This was
done for the benefit of a particular group of people - at that moment, Mr Cự,
Party Secretary and Chairman of Hà Tĩnh, and Nguyễn Tấn
Dũng, the Prime Minister. Their actions can be described in the old saying –
bringing an elephant home and letting it trample over your family’s
graves. In such a beautiful country with amazing landscapes like Vietnam,
how could they allow foreign companies like Formosa to establish themselves and
discharge toxic waste into our seas and harm our environment? We absolutely
cannot agree with their actions.”[xiii]
3/ Outrage
as government deals with Formosa on 500M destruction compensation: Vietnamese
people demand criminal prosecution against Formosa and an independent
investigation on damages to humans and the environment – Compensation must be
proportional to the damage – Close Formosa down and clean the sea, return a
clean sea to the people
After utilising brutal and
violent tactics against demonstrators at rallies against Formosa, the
Vietnamese Government have approved US $ 500M from Formosa as damage
compensation, without a formal and independent investigation into the actual environmental
and human harms. Formosa, which has not only discharged harmful waste into the
sea, also has buried hard toxic waste at multiple sites inland, and released
huge amounts of toxic fumes into the air. Formosa’s operations have seriously
polluted the sea water, drinking water and the air quality of the
provinces.
Let's hear our opinion:
Diocese of Vinh, Bishop Nguyễn
Thái Hợp:
If a government truly
represents its people, it must conduct an environmental damage assessment,
including assessment of damages to affected people and businesses. These are
common principles and practices applied in other countries. Instead, this
government has covertly made a deal with Formosa, and has approved its
compensation payment. In this day and age, such an underhanded arrangement is
unacceptable.
We think that in order to
return the central sea to its former healthy and clean state, Formosa needs to
cease its operations. If we closely examine Formosa’s actions, it has not
only discharged toxic waste into the sea, but has also made deals with
authorities to bury its hard waste underground. How can such a company with
such leaders be trusted?[xiv]
The Archdiocese of Vinh’s
suggestions on marine pollution in Central Vietnam - Priest Đặng Hữu Nam:
“This petition will act as
a general message from the Bishop of the diocese. Its requests are: firstly,
begin a public and transparent investigation on the cause of the mass fish
die-off. Secondly, provide immediate aid and relief to those affected. Thirdly,
request Formosa to clarify how they use the hazardous/poisonous substances they
have imported into the country, as discovered by the media. Finally, prosecute
those responsible for causing this catastrophe.”[xv]
Lawyer Luân Lê:
“The impact of this disaster on the environment include: the mass fish
die-off, an immense human cost - a diver has died, many are sick, many had food
poisoning after the consumption of seafood - and the ongoing pollution of the
sea for the years to come. Due to the severe impact of this damage, there is a
tangible possibility of conducting a criminal prosecution against those
directly, or indirectly, responsible. Those individuals must be legally and
fairly trialed for causing this unprecedented disaster, which has critically
harmed our economy and national security.”[xvi]
Lawyer Nguyễn Văn Thân:
“Let us compare compensation payments from BP and Formosa: 61.6 billion and
500 million. Firstly, does this mean that Formosa will only repay 500 M? How
much of this 500M will be used to cover the costs of sea water treatment? And how
much will be used to compensate individuals affected by the catastrophe? The
government has no right to arbitrarily decide the damage compensation for
individuals and businesses. Only the people should have the right to negotiate
with Formosa. The compensation payment must be proportional to the losses
in each
particular case.”[xvii]
A call for action from the
Vietnamese Blogger's Network:
“A/ Demand a full
re-assessment of the damage to the environment, and to the people's lives. This
must be conducted by independent professional appraisers so that compensation
can be disbursed fairly and appropriately.
B/ Demand the prosecution of
all individuals responsible for this catastrophe before the criminal courts.
C/ Termination of all
operations of Hưng Nghiệp Formosa Hà Tĩnh Steel Company in Vietnam.”
Dr. Bùi Thị An, Member of
Parliament:
“The most vital question
now is how to restore the sea environment. When will the ecosystems return to a
natural state, so that fishermen can confidently resume their activities? These
matters are extremely significant because they have an impact on the social
security and lives of not only the fishermen in four Central provinces, but
also on other industries in many regions. Moreover, how can sea products be
guaranteed as safe for consumers? Most importantly, the presence of fishermen
in marine areas is not only significant for economic purposes, but also
preserves maritime sovereignty. The issue is, on what basis did Formosa suggest
a compensation of $500M? How much will it cost to restore our marine
ecosystems?
A marine ecosystem consists
of fish, shrimp, algae, sea plants etc. These creatures are integral to human
lifestyles; marine ecosystems are thus invaluable and irreplaceable.
We must seriously emphasize
the need for transparency so that our people can monitor the situation and stay
informed. Only transparency will allow us to prevent such environmental
destruction from happening again. We must never sacrifice our environment in
exchange for anything. Personally, I think we must conduct a
prosecution, as this is not simply an economic or civil matter: it is a
criminal violation.”[xviii]
Võ Thị Hảo, Writer:
“When examining the evidence
from this Formosa issue, it is apparent that the Vietnamese Communist
Government has in fact abetted the destruction of the Vietnamese people. To me,
that is something beyond the imagination of the concerned people following the
current situation. It is something beyond the imagination of the Vietnamese
people.
If we review previous
compensation agreements, for example, BP’s oil spill catastrophe and their
efforts to repair the sea, we can see that 500M is an extremely small figure.
What kind of special privileges did the Vietnamese Government accept, in order
to approve 500M? They have no groundwork for any decisions to either agree or
reject that 500M. The damage evaluation requires the assessment of holistic
damages – such as the time it would take for the sea to be returned to the
people in a healthy, unpolluted state. Numerous things need to be calculated.”[xix]
Thục Quyên (SaveVietnam´sNature):
“The United Nations
have willingly offered their help in investigating the disaster. It
was evident to them that this was not just an environmental disaster, but
also the struggle of a small nation – Vietnam - at the hands of giant
corporations: MCC China Metallurgical Group Corporation (People’s Republic of
China) and FPG Formosa Plastics Group.
However, the
Vietnamese authorities declined this offer of invaluable and reliable help.
There is nowhere else in the
world like Vietnam, where the government will accuse victims seeking help of
“exaggerating the disaster” and “having a political plot”, and describing those
victims as “reactionary”!”
“There is no country
like in Vietnam, where the protestors are brutally beaten by its own
authorities when they make peaceful rallies in order to save the sea and the
people. Only the Vietnamese people who must pay taxes to feed the powerful
police force who punch, hit, and arrest them. Only the Vietnamese police who
are of the same nation and ethnic can aggressively smash the heads of their
citizens with stones in a most cold-blooded way.”[xx]
Mặc Lâm, RFA’s Vietnamese
service:
“Many still remember that a
few weeks after the sea disaster occurred, the United Nations, the USA,
Germany, and Japan all offered technical help and resources to assist Vietnam.
However, all of their proposals were rejected without explanation. As in
Vietnam, technical methods of analysis are still limited, these rejections
raised questions about the willingness of the state to solve this issue. This
was particularly within the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, the
ministry responsible for the incident both prior to, and after the disaster had
occurred.”[xxi]
Dr. Nguyễn Xuân Diện:
“Firstly, $500M as compensation
for this disaster is a trifling amount of money. Secondly, as it was not based
on any legal grounds, a number of scholars, intellectuals and I have called for
lawyers, inspectors, and activists to request the Vietnamese Government conduct
a criminal prosecution against Formosa.
Furthermore, we must manage to help around a million of fishermen and affected
people in four Central provinces to bring Formosa to the International Court,
as we no longer have faith in the law courts of Vietnam. Lastly, as it is a
hugely critical issue, we require that this environmental catastrophe be
internationalized to attract support from the outside.”[xxii]
Phạm Đoan Trang, journalist:
Phạm Đoan Trang, journalist:
“The $500M that Formosa has agreed to compensate Vietnam is the price
the state will take, selling off the country’s present and future.”[xxiii]
Đoàn Châu:
“If Formosa remains in
operation here, where will they dump their waste next? The government made a
terrible decision when they allowed Formosa to come here, considering their
infamous reputation as an ‘environmental killer’. Now, if the government allow
Formosa to continue operations, they are surely repeating their deadly mistake
again.
Put Formosa to trial, make them compensate the fishermen, and kick them out of
the country. We need foreign investment, not foreign destruction!”[xxiv]
Mai Thạnh, Hà Tĩnh fisherman:
Mai Thạnh, Hà Tĩnh fisherman:
"Formosa has
committed a crime against all the workers of the sea. I request Formosa to
cease their operations, for us to rebuild our lives; if they stay, we will all
die of starvation. If they don’t close down, the people will revolt!”[xxv]
Mai Văn Đình, local fisherman
in Đông Yên Parish, Kỳ Anh district, Hà Tĩnh province:
“I have to travel to Phan Thiet to work as the sea water in Hà Tĩnh is contaminated with lead. I request the government to expel Formosa
from Vietnam. And if for any reason they do not, we will not accept that amount
of compensation.”
Regarding state-run media reports on the recovery of the sea and marine life in Hà Tĩnh:
Regarding state-run media reports on the recovery of the sea and marine life in Hà Tĩnh:
"Hà
Tĩnh’s newspaper was lying and falsifying information
– such a thing could never happen like that. I know because ten days ago, I
came back home from Phan Thiết and after eating somesquid, I
was very sick with diarrhoea and vomiting. I then took some medication -
the diarrhoea and vomiting stopped, but then my legs and hands became paralyzed.”
When
asked about his faith in the Vietnamese Government:
"The
government of Vietnam has committed many wrongdoings. They betray their
country, they are corrupt and willing sell out the nation. A country like ours,
with a bright future, has ultimately been sold out to adversaries – even worse,
those adversaries have been protected.
This was
clearly seen when security and police forces were obstructing us at rallies
against Formosa.”[xxvi]
Mai Quang Anh, Hà Tĩnh local
fisherman:
“Did the government actually
evaluate how much damage Formosa has caused for us? Do they know for people
like us, how much each individual has been affected? And what about the total impacts on a village, a commune, a province or all
four provinces? I suggest the government investigate and carefully calculate
these damages before making a decision on compensation payments. It wouldn’t be
500M, but possibly several thousands of millions.
Firstly, those responsible
for the pollution of the sea must return the environment to its former clean
state, as a serving action for the people - it is only fair. Secondly, a
criminal prosecution must be conducted against Formosa - as the Prime Minister
Xuân Phúc has said, the law must be fairly applied to any offender. Lastly,
Formosa must be permanently shut down once all the legal measures are
finalized.
That is not simply a personal
wish. The Vietnamese people are now united in this shared perspective, with a
collective determination to fight for the truth, and for the survival of our
people.”[xxvii]
4/To the
Vietnamese Government: will you side with your people or with Formosa – an
environmental killer, presented with the International Ethecon Black Planet
Award in 2009?
The proposal to export local
fishermen to become overseas labourers has been disrupted, after blood tests
revealed high levels of lead were present in their bloodstreams. [xxviii]The state has
appeared even more dishonest, as they have suggested to doctors not to provide
health check-ups for locals in contaminated areas. [xxix]
Government officials advised people that in some areas, the sea was now
safe for swimming, and that the sea would automatically clean itself. However,
they could not answer whether or not fish were safe for
consumption.
According to Dr. Nguyễn Hữu Đại,
this is a difficult dilemma to solve, as fish and sea animals gradually
accumulate small amount of toxic substances into their bodies which do not kill
them instantly. Those sea creatures are caught, transported to different areas
including Hanoi, where, according to Dr Trần Tứ Hiếu, there are consumers
eating sea food without any knowledge where their fish had come from.[xxx]
When will the sea be returned
to its previous state? When will nontoxic fish reappear? The lives of the
Central Vietnamese people have become extremely miserable under the repressive
information restrictions of the government. Huge number of protestors have
taken to the streets calling for Formosa to cease its operations and face
prosecution.
1999, from Cambodia,
more than 4,000 tonnes of waste and top soil were sent back to Taiwan. The
waste, which contains high levels of mercury, was illegally dumped near the
popular coastal resort of Sihanoukville by Taiwanese petrochemical giant
Formosa Plastics. [xxxi]
In 2007, Taiwanese of all
classes in the community fought to successfully terminate the operations of the
Formosa Steel Plant in their country. Why must the Vietnamese Government bring
such a horror home and let the whole nation live in nightmare? We cannot take
on a risk like Formosa, which its own people – the Taiwanese – did not allow on
their beautiful island.[xxxii]
Formosa is an environmental
killer which was awarded the negative International Ethecon Black Planet Award
in 2009.
Social activist Nguyễn Anh Tuấn,
who has provided charitable assistance to affected local people, concludes:
Formosa has caused the worst
ever environmental disaster in our history. It has destroyed the lifestyles of
200,000 workers by the sea, and affected millions of others in related
industries. It has damaged an entire 200km long marine ecosystem, had a
disastrous impact on the economy, on politics, and on social security. For all
these reasons, it is unacceptable for Formosa to remain in Vietnam for even one
day more, let alone 70 years. [xxxiii]
And that exactly is what we,
the Vietnamese people, demand.
To the Vietnamese Government,
which will you choose? Your people or Formosa?
_____________________________________
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[xi] “TUYÊN BỐ CỦA CÁC TỔ CHỨC XÃ HỘI DÂN SỰ ĐỘC LẬP VỀ THẢM
HỌA QUỐC GIA TẠI CÁC TỈNH MIỀN TRUNG” 29 April, 2016. http://boxitvn.blogspot.com.au/2016/04/tuyen-bo-cua-cac-to-chuc-xa-hoi-dan-su.html#more (accessed
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20 August 2016)
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đưa ra kiến nghị về ô nhiễm biển miền Trung” 28 May 2016. http://www.rfa.org/vietnamese/in_depth/VXN260516-05272016221805.html (accessed
28 August 2016).
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